INDICATORS FOR CHILDREN'S RIGHTS ZIMBABWE COUNTRY CASE STUDY INVIOLATA CHINYANGARA, ISRAEL CHOKUWENGA, ROSELYN G. DETE, LINDA DUBE, JOSHUA KEMBO, PRECIOUS MOYO & RATIDZAI SHARON NKOMO

CONTENTS Foreword by Elizabeth Musarurwa About the authors Acknowledgements Introduction The international context of children's rights The Convention on the Rights of the Child The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child The national context Developments towards systematic monitoring of the implementation of the Convention Aims of the Zimbabwe Country Case Study project The purpose of this Report Establishing the project in Zimbabwe The structure of this Report Figure 1: The regrouping og the Articles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Zimbabwe 1. Dominant themes in the Report Definition of "child" Definitions of a child in a Zimbabwean context Ethnicity and religion The historical origins of ethnicity or "tribalism" Ethnicity at national and local levels in multicultural environments The Zimbabwean reality Ethnicity and religion related to children's rights and welfare A central absence: Participation Data on children's participation in Zimbabwe 2. Children-parent relations Traditional children-parent relationships The role of parents in child welfare Registration of births Custody and maintenance of children Children's privacy The role of the community in child welfare The role of the state in child welfare State assistance to parents in their child care responsibilities Institutional care Criteria used to determine which children should be placed in state care Characteristics of children in statutory care Orphan status Referral to and stay in care Child welfare staffing Government provision for child welfare Comments Constructions of childhood and children Data on children Further research 3. Social and economic deprivation Contradictions in Zimbabwean legislation Literature on the economic exploitation of children in Zimbabwe Assumptions about and expectations of children Zimbabwean perceptions of child economic exploitation Data on economic exploitation Links with other regroupings Comments 4. Protection and survival Child abuse Definitions Current data on child abuse Sources of data Data on child sexual abuse Sexuality and childhood Causes of child sexual abuse Reporting child sexual abuse Other forms of abuse Refugee children Data on refugee children 5. Juvenile Justice, Rehabilitation and Implementation Historical Development Official and customary views of childhood Figure 2: Diagram showing the differences between official and customary approaches to child offenders Existing data Data within the Police Department The Department Of Social Welfare Data in the Ministry of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs Academic data Availability and accessability of data 6. Development and education Data on children's health in Zimbabwe Health Priorities and Programmes The Mid Decade Goals for Children's Survival Data on health and development: some comments Education system and policies Data on education Limitations of the data 7. Mudzi: a community case study Why was Mudzi chosen as the area of Study? Characteristics of the District of Mudzi Process of data gathering in Mudzi Data on children-parent relationships in Mudzi Data on Mudzi district national registration Data Data from Mudzi on child exploitation Data on juvenile justice and rehabilitation Data on the health situation of children in Mudzi Data from village community workers Data from community children's rights committees The Mudzi District children's Rights Committee 8. Towards a monitoring system The issue of the monitoring body The current understanding of monitoring in Zimbabwe Comments and recommendations: beyond CRC reporting Bibliography Appendix: Protocol for data collection